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\paragraph{Comparative landscape.}
Table~\ref{tab:opt_vs_frameworks} situates OPT alongside the best-known standards, policy instruments, and textbook structures.  
Each of these prior frameworks serves an important function—shared vocabulary (ISO/IEC 22989), ML-system decomposition (ISO/IEC 23053), risk management (NIST AI RMF), usage contexts (NIST AI 200-1), multidimensional policy characterization (OECD), or regulatory stratification (EU AI Act).  
However, they remain either technique-agnostic or focused solely on machine learning.  
OPT complements them by supplying the missing layer: a stable, biologically grounded \emph{implementation taxonomy}~ that captures mechanism families across paradigms and defines a formal grammar for hybrid systems.

