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\section{Examples and Mapping}
% ---------------------------
\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Representative paradigms mapped to OPT.}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{@{}p{3.9cm}p{3.6cm}p{2.2cm}@{}}
\toprule
\textbf{Type / Implementation} & \textbf{Examples} & \textbf{OPT (short)}\\
\midrule
NN/Transformer (GD) & CNN, LSTM, attention & \Lrn\\
Reinforcement learning & DQN, PG, AC & \Lrn\;(+\Sch,\,+\Ctl)\\
Evolutionary algorithms & GA, GP, CMA-ES & \Evo\\
Swarm intelligence & ACO, PSO & \Swm\;(+\Evo)\\
Expert systems & Prolog, Mycin, XCON & \Sym\\
Probabilistic models & BN, HMM, factor graphs & \Prb\\
Search \& planning & A*, MCTS, STRIPS & \Sch\\
Control \& estimation & PID, LQR, KF/MPC & \Ctl\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:OPTmap}
\end{table}